Primero que nada quiero aclarar que no recuerdo la fuente de donde saque esto, por ende no la adjunto para que lo chequeen, pero si tengo el texto original en ingles el cual adjuntaré debajo.
Yo no soy traductor, y por más que hablo varios idiomas me cuesta muchisimo traducir textos literalmente ya que pienso en el idioma en el que estoy leyendo y no en el que tengo que traducir, por ende, lo traduje con un traductor para ahorrar tiempo y lo adecue lo más prolijamente posible para que sea entendido sin alterar el contenido del mismo.
Por otro lado, esto es para pensar, razonar y para sumar conocimientos, así que muchos ya pueden volver atras en a la pagina anterior ya que no se trata de lucesitas ni pinturitas ni donde está el tapon de la nafta. Si me puse acido porque veo que el interes sobre muchas cosas valiosas no son tenías en cuenta, como dice, para mi, el muy respetado Molerpa uno habla al pedo. Sin envargo hay muchos que encuentran interesante este tipo de lecturas, y para todos ellos, aqui está el articulo.
Sepan difrutarlo
Debido a las discusiones recientes donde algunos temas de autores y los lectores del foro quedaron enojados conmigo debido a lo que dije sobre cómo ciertos coches son comparados estadísticamente, decidía comenzar cuál será una serie larga y detallada de “RECOMENDACIONES” para evitar terminar amargados con el coche incorrecto y una cara amarga cuando discutimos hechos o apenas cómo conseguir el la mayoría de su presupuesto.
En esta guía apunto SERIAMENTE ir a al los aspectos cómo el técnicos y de diseño de coches ayudan a hacerlos más convenientes para ciertos tipos de conductores - le informo que elija, y ANIMO a la gente que mire hacia afuera sobre lo que presento aquí como información adicional y ayuda, y posteen sus resultados y links aquí para que todos nosotros, para beneficiar más el foro. Cuanto más información que podemos conseguir sobre algo, más probables somos de ver resultados en de la vida real.
Quisiera que esto fuera un esfuerzo del grupo.
Esto es ni una serie exclusiva, ni soy una figura de la autoridad (como un profesor de la secundaria) que vaya a decirle cerrar la boca y escuchar lo que digo sin questionarolo - éste no es sobre mí, es sobre Motorsport y algo de la información más básica y más vital que usted necesita no mezclar gravemente antes de que usted incluso vaya a la pista por primera vez.
No espero que cualquier persona sea bastante humilde admitir ser un noob total en algo y en la necesidad calamitosa de entender y en vez de dejarlos sujetos a su suerte - ofrezco mi conocimiento así que esos individuos pueden conseguir resultados apropiados razonablemente rápidamente.
LEA ESTO CUIDADOSAMENTE!
¡Esta serie no tiene NADA hacer con superioridad de la marca de fábrica!!! ¡Es una mirada dura fría a lo que sirve a lo que no, y no sobre mi opinión, yo doy los hechos blancos y negros - se aconseja el discresion del lector, y no deseo este tema estropeado o lleno de comentarios chistosos como “Chevrolet es una desgracia, VW es lo más” si sucede de apuntar a un aspecto de VW que sea mejor que Chevrolet o viceversa!
También no quisiera que la gente comence a quedar triste o amargado porque ella no le agrada el hecho de que ella (sin saberlo) hizo algo mal en su búsqueda para la mayor velocidad y más bajos tiempos - quizá acaba de gastar una suma importante en su bodykit exótico, importado, puede ser que no le agrade el hecho que raramente tenga cualquier cosa positivo que decir sobre tales agregados a menos que su prioridad sea MIRADAS 1o, funcionamiento 2do.
Mientras que discutiremos asuntos serios aquí (yo puedo garantizarle que) que quisiera mantener el tono bastante tranquilo y divertido, no controvertido.
Si durante este esfuerzo DESPERDICIADOR DE TIEMPO me siento en cualquier momento que la destinación prevista de este tema está siendo dirigida para la joda, con comentarios y discusiones - me haré a un costado y no escribiré más - no tengo que informar a cualquier persona cualquier cosa y absolutamente franco es su pérdida de tiempo y no la mía, pues yo sé la mayor parte de esta materia de memoría. Hago esto libremente y con la intención de ayudar voluntariamente y de verdad para que la gente consiga resultados MEJORES con sus coches, especialmente ésos bastante nuevos al deporte, así que dejemos las historias para la sección de cuentos de carreras.
Y ahora, sin mayores contratiempos emecemos…
LECCIÓN #1 -
¡Aerodinámica - su PRIMERA prioridad!
¿Alguna vez se a preguntado porqué siempre usted comienza a remar en ese velo 1.6, con energía casi igual como su Corsa GSi, aproximadamente 140-160 en la carretera, y a pesar de comienza a salir con mayor fuerza por sobre ustedes? … Bueno, espero que estén preparados para la larga respuesta.
En las 'picadas' mucha gente comienza a sentir realmente en coches como el Golf y muchos otros coches similares, cerca de 140-160, acá es donde basicamente un coche medianamente preparado, con una aerodinámica medianamente preparada comienza realmente “a sentir” la fricción.
Aquí, es donde cualquier diferencia en el CA (la abreviatura para el coeficiente de aerodinamia) comienza a agravar la energía disponible con pérdida notable en la aceleración y cada vez se pone peor y peor, cuanto más rápido usted va hasta que usted finalmente golpea la aerodinámica de su coche contra una pared de ladrillos.
El grado angular de los Golfs tiene un coeficiente de resistencia TERRIBLE .37 - incluso he visto una ciertas pruebas en tuneles de viento de .39, el Corsas tiene .36 en la versión hatch y .35 para el modelo sedan (el sedan es más aerodinámico que el hatch) abajo una generación GSi Kadetts tienen .33, aunque he visto el pruebas de .32 de algunos Web site.
¡En cualquier coche usted desea tan bajo como sea posible el número el coeficiente de estadística aerodinamica porque no hay virtualmente desventajas a tener aerodinámica mejor, bueno quizás apenas un poco en miradas, pero no está leyendo esto porque quiere tener un coche de esposicón - usted desea hacer su coche más rápido o más especializado para el tipo de carrera en la cual compite O desea comenzar con el pie derecho y ahorrar los UNOS CUANTOS MILES!!! el intentar dar convertit un burro a un potrillo de competición.
Quisiera decir que cada uno que lee esto algo un poco POSITIVO sobre sus abetos coches, independendientemente de la marca de fábrica usted conduce, su coche tiene mejor aerodinámica que MULTI MILLÓNARIO coches del fórmula 1 – impactante, pero también MUY verdadero sé que era una cosa agradable a descubrir hace muchos años cuando comencé a discriminar el asunto de la aerodinámica.
Veran, los coches F1 es vehículos abiertos de ruedas y generan el CA hasta 1.0 o más como resultado de los neumáticos que chocan y giran en el al aire libre (no estando cuidadosamente lejos y bajo el cuerpo del coche lejos de al aire libre).
Esto significa LITERALMENTE que un coche típico F1 tiene eficacia aerodinámica casi 3 veces más pobre que un GSi BOSS de los años 80, que sucede ser mucho mas barato siquiera que un sistema de los neumáticos F1.
Los diseñadores F1 intentan hacer los cuerpos de los coches tan aerodinámicos como posible porque las ruedas abiertas REALMENTE están agravando la eficacia bastante por el simple hecho de estar donde están. Con todos los neumáticos F1 basicamente de las mismas dimensiones (por lo tanto cantidad casi igual de la fricción), del único lugar para anotar una ventaja potencial sobre otros equipos está en el diseño del CUERPO y reduciendo su fricción lo más cercano a 0 - esta es la razón por la cual los coches se parecen jets de combate con sus alas rasgadas hacia atras.
La mejora más grande de la tenida en la pista del vehículo ha venido de avances aerodinámicos, no de la suspensión y DEFINITIVAMENTE no más de los altisimos caballos de fuerza y troque.
Este factor de la fricción comienza afectar funcionamiento desde el momento en el que el coche que comienza a moverse, pero un motor preparado fuerte con el buen engranaje puede ayudar a supera los bajos factores de fricción a velocidades más bajas donde el factor de la fricción no ha comenzado a filtrar el kilovatio disponible mucho o el motor tiene kilovatio del exceso para mover más moléculas del aire y el coche a mayores velocidades.
A mayor cantidad de partículas de aire que usted mueve más agrava la energía disponible de los motores a no poder hacer nada más mover el aire así que su coche puede pasar a través.
El aire no es alguna grieta amable que usted conoce de la secundaria que va a hacerle un favor, cuando las moléculas del aire se fuerzan para hacerse a un lado para el cuerpo de los coches, este convierte como conducir a través de una muchedumbre densa y enojada.
Nada en el universo le gusta de tener su estado cambiado - física neutoniana básica, usted tendría que haber estado dormido en clase y no saber sus 3 leyes basicas de la física. Las leyes son ahora anticuados y “el” modelo que iría sería el que mecanica cuantica y leyes universales, pero para las carreras, los leyes que MÁS encajarían para manejar con todos estos cambios que hacemos para hacer los coches más rápidos, de mejor manejo o ser más económico.
Ahora sabemos que cuanto más moléculas del aire hay que conseguir desplazar por el coche que rozan a través de este, es cuanto más estas moleculas lo desaceleran ya que resisten el movimiento, y si, su coche tienen éxito en última instancia en el mover el aire de su camino, pero el aire se queda detras con una pequeña resistencia, y esto se sigue sumando a medida que usted acelera. Esto continúa hasta que la resistencia agrava todo el kilovatio disponible y el coche para el acelerar, él ha llegado a su velocidad superior y no es que se a quedo corto, está siendo sostenido realmente detrás de la aceleración por solamente el aire alrededor de él.
Pero la mayoría de la gente pasa por alto a menudo otro punto CRÍTICO en aerodinámica, no ayuda en nada tener un capo liso y los conductos que acanalan el aire lejos del parabrisas al lado del coche si el extremo trasero del coche no ha sido diseñado correctamente para reducir turbulencia.
Seguro usted desea desplazar como poco aire como sea posible, así que usted desea un coche pequeño y aerodinámico - pero los avances modernos en la comprensión de la aerodinámica tienenden a conducir a un acercamiento totalmente diverso, pero aún manejables números del CA.
El aire es realmente un fluido, y por favor muchachos y muchachas de la secundaria, no me digan que su profesor de física dice que es un gas, yo también hice la educación basada en teorías y prácticas de 20 años, pero el conjunto de la comunidad de la ciencia reconoce tristemente hoy que el aire es como fluido de la viscosidad muy baja de este modo lo llamo.
Ahora, cualquier persona que ha estado en un barco ha notado que deja una ESTELA detrás de él en el agua, bueno un coche hace exactamente lo mismo con el líquido en el que se mueve a través, aunque usted no pueda verlo – bien, la mayoría de la gente realmente no sabe mucho sobre él. Este NO FLOTA en el líquido como un barco, él es algo como un submarino sumergido completamente, este viaja A TRAVÉS del líquido, no encima de él. AHORA conseguimos algo interesante…
El aire se desplaza cuando choca con una superficie un poco superior a los 10°, esto significa que si usted desea hacer un coche tan aerodinámico como posible no debe haber no más que un cambio de 10 grados en CUALQUIER área del cuerpo (usted puede imaginarse que impráctico sería este diseño!). La parte posterior de los coches debe inclinarse como cerca de 10 grados para no crear estelas violentas y no ser arrastrado por estas, pero en la mayoría de coches hatchback la parte trasera este ángulo está tristemente bien sobre 45 grados.
Es decir la repentina caida del techo hace el aire ondear y al ondear más más fricción se crea, desacelerando su coche aun más, cualquier coche que corre justo pegado a la cola de su coche, está siendo absorvido por el vacío – esto es llamado el division de fluidos y la única desventaja de ella está ésa en los coches que son atraidos por esta fuerza cuando tienen que doblar muy cerca del limite - usted no desea desplazar a un individuo en el mojado con una serie de curvas cerca del límite de agarre o grip, pues su tenida disminuirá y así su adherencia al camino y usted puede ser que salgo despedido o haga un trompo.
He tenido gente el decir me que mi BOSS tiene una parte posterior muy fea, que parezca viejo y anticuado, no agradable y vertical comparado con las partes posteriores de los Corsas o el modelo más últimos de Golfs.
Bastante favorablemente, el BOSS nunca fue un coche lindo pero partes traseras de mi coche aproximadamente 30-35 grados y el Corsa en sobre 45 grados (el mismo tratamiento para el golf aunque todavía tiene ángulos agudos todo alrededor del cuerpo los cuales no ayudando en nada). El aire no le agrada de transiciones AGUDAS.
Eso significa que con la misma energía, peso y engranaje, un BOSS o un SuperBoss le ganaría a un Corsa y/o Golf y al mismo tiempo tendrá una velocidad superior más alta.
Lamentablemente no hay vuelta atras, física no se inclina a la opinión popular, realmente no interesa cuan LINDO el Corsa o cuan deportivo Golf puede ser - deseo menos fricción más que deseo que sea lindo - así que la opción era obvia para mí que consideraba como el BOSS es igual en apenas otras especificaciones que el Corsa GSi, el más viejo diseño MK1 golfs es un poco mas liviano y tienen mejor manejo al tener en los mismos neumáticos del perfil - pero sin embargo la fricción me guardó de comprar uno.
Bueno, aparte hay algo extra – sí ven la serie BOSS de Opels tiene un agradable y pequeño “ala” en la parte posterior, y como la mayoría de la gente ha notado, yo despreció la gente que pone las alas en los coches del FWD porque crea más fricción y no hace nada para la tenencia del camino, pero porqué entonces no digo cualquier cosa mala sobre el ala en mi BOSS?
Bien, primero que nada no es realmente un ala porque no es una superficie de sustentación, es realmente un difusor de la turbulencia o un estabilizador de onda - reduce la velocidad y la exageración de las onda que son creadas por el aire por mi parte posterior que se inclina 30-35 grados. De hecho, era para mi quitarlo de mi coche, tendría una PEOR aerodinámica y más fricción + una velocidad superior más baja.
PERO usted no puede apenas ir agregando partes en los coches a menos que su un diseño completo en cada aspecto de ella y facilite la siguiente. Usted no podría atornillar un difusor en o un corsa o un golf porque el extremo trasero tiene un ángulo demasiado severo, ningún difusor montado en la extremidad podría hacer su trabajo pues el diseño entero de los extremos posteriores de este coche 2 no ha sido diseñado para trabajar con un difusor de la turbulencia o un estabilizador de la onda. Sería como desear que un coche funcione con diesel cuando el motor fue diseñado para funcionar en la gasolina - no va a funcionar.
Y ni siquiera empecemos a hablar de espoilers y body kits - a menos que usted tenga mas de 550 caballos en demanda o nunca valla a competir con en carreras donde usted depende de cualquier aceleración de alta velocidad sostenida, el aumento en la fricción no va a valer las miradas (lo lindo).
Hay ciertos accesorios del cuerpo disponibles que pueden mejorar realmente un aire fresco de la alimentación de tenida o la ayuda de los coches en la bahía del motor sin costo extra en la fricción o tan poco que los aumentos compensan lejos las pérdidas.
Tales productos vienen generalmente de marcas de fábrica respetables. Tenía usted la mas mínima pista de la aerodinámica que usted habría comprado probablemente el ala más grande o el interceptor aerodinámico más bajo de la tienda pero ahora usted sabe - así ponga el conocimiento en buen uso.
Recuerde que correr ganar ese pequeño borde sobre adicional sobre su opositor, nosotros todos deseamos ganar en las carreras (no conozco a nadie que haya dicho HOMBRE,COMO AMO PERDER, hace una cierta sensación buena en el interior) y todos nosotros puedemos correr con un coche hasta cierto punto, pero hace falta más que apenas el deseo de algo para verdaderamente conseguirlo y tener sobre todo las habilidades minimas como conductor, especialmente cuando se quiere ganar con tantas granas la competencia y cuando todos tienen esa habilidad. Consiguir ese borde y mantener el liderazgo (dentro de las reglas de su correspondiente nivel de carrera)
Un buen ejemplo de esto está dentro del campo de este tema, si usted diseña un cuerpo del coche que tenga el factor posible más bajo de la fricción dentro de las reglas especificadas, digamos .3 mejor que su rival más cercano, usted puede utilizar a su ventaja en pistas largas y derechas de alta velocidad o usted puede agregar alternativomente un valor de .3 CA para mantener su coche plantado con la lluvia en curvas que barren y inquietantes slaloms. Usted sin embargo sería teóricamente superior a su competidor más cercano porque aun cuando usted ahora tiene el mismo factor de la fricción que ellos, ellos carece ese valor adicional de .3 del downforce, usted puede pegarse en sus colas durante curvas y el torbellino de la hélice, y pasarlos en las rectas.
Y con todo esto, espero que alguna gente ahora entienda un poco más sobre la aerodinámica y porqué voy siempre para un coche con un factor inicial MÁS BAJO de CA que un coche con mejores aspectos - tenga sus prioridades rectas cuando usted desea comenzar a competir y ser exitoso en ello, y después haga una opción educada DESPUÉS de estudiar todos los hechos y stadisticas para los varios coches que usted puede permitirse, entonces usted terminará verdadermante mejor con sus necesidades.
En fin si usted desea un coche realmente rápido en el final del día, comience con uno que tenga el mejor potencial mecánico del diseño de conseguirle allí. No somos todos los multimillonarios que podemos exigir un autobús de la escuela de 1/4 milla de 10 segundos si deseamos a y no preocupación sobre los costos implicados, y aunque usted sea RICOS, es definitivamente ningún crimen ahorrar dinero – entonces ponga un poco de pensamiento en sus opciones.
Apenas en una nota, he perdido contra Golfs en carreras de gymkhana porque la velocidad es demasiado lenta para que mi superioridad aerodinámica como para que me ayude y golfs con superior tenida en el camino y bajo cuerpo de inercia es LEJOS de mayor importancia que la aerodinámica (en gymkhanas) - pero usted puede hacer cualquiera de los coches que se sostenga drasticamente mejor con el equipo apropiado, usted no puede sin embargo alterar drásticamente la fricción a menos que usted re-ingenierice todo el cuerpo del coche y si usted hiciera eso, porqué no diseña su propio chasis mientras que usted está en él, y un motor y una caja de engranajes y una suspensión ........
¡El conocimiento del es la llave al éxito en todos los esfuerzos!
Aerodinamica
Moderador: Fede Pedrotti
Aerodinamica
One of the most noticeable attributes of winners,
is that since they aren't influenced by "what everyone else thinks", they don't follow the crowd.-
is that since they aren't influenced by "what everyone else thinks", they don't follow the crowd.-
Re: Aerodinamica
Texto original en ingles:
In light of recent discussions where a few thread authors and forum readers got really pissed off at me because of what i said about how certain cars compare statistically, i decided to start what will be a long and detailed series of "TIPS" if you will on how to avoid ending up with the wrong car and a sour face when we discuss facts or just how to get the most out of your budget beater.
In this guide i aim SERIOUSLY going to up the ante on how the technical and design aspects of cars help make them more suitable for certain types of racing - I inform you choose, and i DO ENCOURAGE people look outside of what i present here for additional info and help and to post their findings and links here for us all to benefit from. The more info we can get on something the more likely we are to see results in real life. I'd like this to be a group effort. This is neither an exclusive series, nor am i an authority figure (like a high school teacher) who's gonna tell you to shut up and listen to what i say and not question it - this is not about me, this is about Motorsport and some of the most basic and vital information you need to NOT mess up badly before you even go down the track for the first time.
I don't expect anyone to be humble enough to admit being a total noob on something and in dire need of understanding and instead of leaving them to their fate - i offer my knowledge so those individuals can get proper results reasonably quickly.
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DISCLAIMER, read this CAREFULLY!
This Series has NOTHING to do with brand superiority!!! It's a cold hard look at what works and what doesn't and i don't give my opinion, i give the black and white facts - reader discresion is advised and i don't want this thread clogged up with fanboy comments like "Opel sucks VW Rules" if i happen to point out an aspect of VW that is better than Opel or vice versa!
I also don't want people to start getting sour because they don't like the fact that they (unknowingly) did something wrong in their pursuit for greater speed and lower tap times - maybe you just dropped a shyte load of cash on your Exotic, imported bodykit, you might not like the fact that i rarely have anything positive to say about such add-ons unless your Priority is LOOKS 1st, Performance 2nd.
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Whilst we will discuss serious topics here (i can guarantee you that) i'd like to keep the tone fairly loose and fun, not argumentative.
If at any time during this TIME CONSUMING endeavor i feel that the intended destination of this thread is being steered off course by fanboy like comments and arguments - i'll just make like a clam and shut up - i don't have to inform anyone of anything and quite frankly it's your loss not mine as i already know most of this stuff off the top of my head. I do this freely and voluntarily with the aim to truly help people get BETTER results in their racing, especially those fairly new to the sport, so lets keep the foreplay for the Spirited Driving Tales section .
And now, without further ado...
LESSON #1 - Aerodynamics - Your FIRST priority!
Ever wondered why you start reeling in that 1.6 velo, with about the same power as your Corsa GSi, at about 140-160 on the highway, despite him pulling out from under you in robot to robot races?... well i hope you're prepared for the long answer ?
In drag racing Many people notice they start reeling in Golfs and many other cars at round about 140-160, this is basically where an average powered car with average aerodynamics starts to really "feel" the drag. This is where any difference in Cd (the abbreviation for Coefficient of Drag) starts to tax the available power with notable loss in acceleration and it just keeps getting worse and worse the faster you go until you finally hit your cars aerodynamic brick wall.
The angular golfs have a TERRIBLE Drag Coefficient .37 - i have even seen some wind tunnel tests claim .39, Corsas have .36 for the Hatch and .35 for the UTE (yes the UTE is more aerodynamic than the hatch)a dn theolder generation GSi Kadetts have .33, though i have seen some websites state .32.
In any car you want as low as possible a number in the Coefficient of drag statistic because there are virtually no drawbacks to having better aerodynamics, well maybe just a little bit in looks, but your not reading this because you want to build a Show car - you either want to make your car faster or more specialized for the type of racing you do OR you want to start off on the right foot and save MEGA BUCKS!!! trying to turn a donkey into a Racing Pony .
I'd like to tell everyone reading this a little something POSITIVE about their cars firs, irrespective of what brand you drive, your car has better aerodynamics than a MULTI MILLION DOLLAR Formula 1 car - shocking, but also VERY true I know that was a nice thing to discover many years back when i started dissecting the topic of Aerodynamics
See F1 cars are open wheel vehicles and they generate up to 1.0 Cd or more as a result of the tires colliding with and spinning in the open air (not neatly tucked away under the body away from open air). This LITERALLY means a typical F1 car has almost 3 time poorer aerodynamic efficiency than an 80's GSi BOSS , which happens to costs less than a set of F1 tires .
The F1 designers try to make the bodies of the cars as aerodynamic as possible because the open wheels are REALLY taxing the efficiency enough as it stands. With all F1 tires being of the roughly the same dimensions (therefore about the same amount of drag), the only place to score a potential advantage over another team lies in the design of the BODY and reducing its drag to near 0 - this is why the cars look like Fighter Jets with their wings torn off .
The greatest improvement in vehicle road holding has come from Aerodynamic advances, not suspension and DEFINITELY not higher horsepower and torque figures
This drag factor of a car starts to affect performance since the moment it starts to move, but a moderately strong engine with good gearing can help overcome the low drag factor taxation at lower speeds where the drag factor hasn't begun to strain the available kW much or the engine has surplus kW to move more air molecules and the car at greater speeds.
The more air particles you move the more you tax the motors available power to doing nothing more than movie air out of the way so your car can pass through. Air is not some polite chap you know from high school who is gonna do you a favour, when air molecules are forced to make way for your cars body, it sort of becomes like driving through a dense and angry crowd.
Nothing in the universe likes to have its state changed - basic Newtonian physics, you'd have to have been asleep in class to not know his 3 basic laws of physics. The laws are now outdated and no longer "the" model to go by in Quantum mechanics and universal physics, but for racing, the laws MORE that suffice to deal with all challenges we face in attempts to make cars faster, handle better or be more economical.
So now we know that the more air molecules there are that get displaced by your car slicing through them, the more they slow you down as they resist movement, yes your car ultimately succeeds at moving the air out of the way, but the air gets you back with a little resistance, and it keeps Adding up the faster you go. This continues until the resistance taxes all of the available kW and the car stops accelerating, it has hit its top speed and provided that its not short geared, is actually being held back from accelerating by only the air around it .
But often most people overlook another CRITICAL point in aerodynamics, it helps you nothing to have a smooth bonnet and ducts that channel air away from the windshield to the side of the car if the back end of the car is not properly designed to reduce turbulence. Sure you want to displace as little air as possible, so you want a small and streamline car - but modern advances in the understanding of aerodynamics has lead to a totally different approach, but still manageable Cd numbers.
Air is actually a fluid, and please high school boys and girls, don't tell me your science teacher says it's gas, i also had education based on 20 year old theories and practices, but sadly the bulk of the science community today acknowledge air as a very low viscosity fluid so thats what i call it.
Now anyone that has been on a boat has noticed it leaves a WAKE behind it in the water, well a car does exactly the same with the liquid it moves through, though since you can't see it - well lets just say most people don't really know much about it. It does not RIDE on the fluid like a boat, it rather is like a submarine fully submerged, it drive THROUGH the liquid, not on top of it. SO now we get something interesting...
Air breaks off of a solid surface at roughly 10 degrees, that means if you want to make a car as aerodynamic as possible there should be no more than a 10 degree change in ANY area of the body (you can imagine how impractical this design would be!). A cars backside should slope as close to 10 degrees as possible as to not create ever violent wakes and thus drag, but sadly on the majority of hatchback cars this angle is well over 45 degrees.
In other words, the sudden drop off from the roof causes the air to wake and the more it wakes the more of a drag it creates, slowing your car down, its like a vacuum SUCKING your car from behind FURTHER slowing it down - any car that rides on your @ss, gets sucked closer to you by that vacuum - its called slipstreaming and the only drawback of it is that in cars that rely heavily on downforce to corner at certain speeds - you don't want to be slipstreaming a guy in the wet through a series of bends near the grip limit, as your downforce will decrease and so will your adhesion to the road and yuo might just spin off.
I've had people telling me my BOSS has a very ugly backside, looks old and outdated, not nice and upright as the Corsas or later model Golfs backsides. Fair enough, the BOSS never was a looker but see my car's back slopes at about 30-35 degrees and the Corsa's at over 45 degrees (same treatment for the golf though it still has sharp angles all around the body which are not helping at all). Air doesn't like SHARP transitions.
So it means with the same power, weight and gearing, a BOSS or SuperBoss will always beat a Corsa and Golf and at the same time also have a higher top speed. Sorry no refund, physics does not sway to popular opinion, i don't really care how CUTE the Corsa looks or how sporty the Golfs looks are either - i want less drag more than i want looks - so the choice was an obvious one for me seeing as the BOSS is equal in just about every other stat to the Corsa GSi, the older MK1 design golfs are a bit lighter though and they have better road holding on the same profile tyres - but the drag kept me from buying one.
Then theres a little something extra - see the BOSS series Opels have a nice little "wing" at the back, and as most people have noticed, i scorn people who pu** wings on FWD cars because it creates more drag and does nothing much for road holding, but why then do i not say anything bad about the wing on my BOSS?
Well first off it's not actually a wing because its not an Airfoil, its actually a turbulence diffuser or Wake Stabilizer - it reduces the velocity and exaggeration of the wakes that get created by the air shearing off my 30-35 degree sloping backside. In fact, were i to remove it from my car, i would have WORSE aerodynamics and more drag + a lower top speed.
BUT you can't just go paste stuff on cars unless its a complete design and every aspect of it compliments the next. You cant bolt a diffuser on either a corsa or a golf because the the back end has too severe a shear angle, any diffuser mounted on the boot tip would not be able to do its job as the entire design of the rear ends of these 2 car's aren't designed to work with a Turbulence Diffuser or wake stabilizer. It would be like wanting to run your car on diesel when the engine was designed to run on petrol - not gonna work.
And don't even get me started on Body kits and Spoilers - unless you have either 550+ horses on demand or never race in races where you depend on any sustained high speed acceleration, the increase in drag is not gonna be worth the looks.
There are certain body accesories available that can actually improve a cars downforce or help feed cool air into the engine bay at no extra cost in drag or so little that the gains far outweigh the losses. Such products usually come from reputable brands. Had you not had the foggiest clue of aerodynamics you probably would have bought the biggest wing or lowest spoiler in the shop but now you know - so pu** the knowledge to good use.
Remember racing is about gaining that extra edge over your opponent, we all want to win in racing (don't know anyone who ever said MAN I SURE LOVE TO LOSE, Make some feel so good inside ) and all of us can race a car to a certain extent, but it takes more than just wanting something to truly get it or just average or slightly above average skills as a driver, especially when the competition want to win just as badly and are just as skilled. Get the edge and maintain the lead (within the rules for your respective racing of course)
A good example of this is within the field of this topic, if you design a car body that has the lowest possible drag factor within the rules specified, lets say .3 better than your closes rival, you can use that headway to your advantage on long tracks with high speed straights or alternatively you can add .3 Cd's worth of downforce to keep your car planted in the rain on sweeping bends and unsettling slaloms. You would still Theoretically be superior to your closest competition because even though you now have the same drag factor as they do, they lack that extra .3's worth of downforce, you can stick on their butts during corners and slipstream/pass them in the straights.
And with all of that, i hope some people now understand a little more about aerodynamics and why i always go for a car with a LOWER initial Cd factor than a car with better looks - get your priorities straight when you want to start off in racing and be successful at it, and then make an educated choice AFTER studying all the facts and stats for the various cars you can afford, then you will truly end up with the best for your needs.
In short if you want a really fast car at the end of the day, start off with one that has the best mechanical design potential to get you there. We're not all billionaires where we can demand a 10 Seconds 1/4 mile School bus if we wanted to and not worry about the costs involved, and even if you're SUPER RICH, its definitely no crime to save money - so please pu** some thought into your choices .
Just on a side note, i have Lost to Golfs in gymkhana races because the speed is too slow for my aerodynamic superiority to help me out and the golfs superior road holding and low body inertia is of FAR MORE greater importance than aerodynamics (in gymkhanas) - but you can make any cars road holding drastically better with the proper equipment, you can't however drastically alter drag unless you re-engineer the entire body and if you do that, why not just design your own chassis whilst you're at it, and an engine and a gearbox and suspension........
_________________
Knowledge is the key to success in all endeavours!
In light of recent discussions where a few thread authors and forum readers got really pissed off at me because of what i said about how certain cars compare statistically, i decided to start what will be a long and detailed series of "TIPS" if you will on how to avoid ending up with the wrong car and a sour face when we discuss facts or just how to get the most out of your budget beater.
In this guide i aim SERIOUSLY going to up the ante on how the technical and design aspects of cars help make them more suitable for certain types of racing - I inform you choose, and i DO ENCOURAGE people look outside of what i present here for additional info and help and to post their findings and links here for us all to benefit from. The more info we can get on something the more likely we are to see results in real life. I'd like this to be a group effort. This is neither an exclusive series, nor am i an authority figure (like a high school teacher) who's gonna tell you to shut up and listen to what i say and not question it - this is not about me, this is about Motorsport and some of the most basic and vital information you need to NOT mess up badly before you even go down the track for the first time.
I don't expect anyone to be humble enough to admit being a total noob on something and in dire need of understanding and instead of leaving them to their fate - i offer my knowledge so those individuals can get proper results reasonably quickly.
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DISCLAIMER, read this CAREFULLY!
This Series has NOTHING to do with brand superiority!!! It's a cold hard look at what works and what doesn't and i don't give my opinion, i give the black and white facts - reader discresion is advised and i don't want this thread clogged up with fanboy comments like "Opel sucks VW Rules" if i happen to point out an aspect of VW that is better than Opel or vice versa!
I also don't want people to start getting sour because they don't like the fact that they (unknowingly) did something wrong in their pursuit for greater speed and lower tap times - maybe you just dropped a shyte load of cash on your Exotic, imported bodykit, you might not like the fact that i rarely have anything positive to say about such add-ons unless your Priority is LOOKS 1st, Performance 2nd.
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Whilst we will discuss serious topics here (i can guarantee you that) i'd like to keep the tone fairly loose and fun, not argumentative.
If at any time during this TIME CONSUMING endeavor i feel that the intended destination of this thread is being steered off course by fanboy like comments and arguments - i'll just make like a clam and shut up - i don't have to inform anyone of anything and quite frankly it's your loss not mine as i already know most of this stuff off the top of my head. I do this freely and voluntarily with the aim to truly help people get BETTER results in their racing, especially those fairly new to the sport, so lets keep the foreplay for the Spirited Driving Tales section .
And now, without further ado...
LESSON #1 - Aerodynamics - Your FIRST priority!
Ever wondered why you start reeling in that 1.6 velo, with about the same power as your Corsa GSi, at about 140-160 on the highway, despite him pulling out from under you in robot to robot races?... well i hope you're prepared for the long answer ?
In drag racing Many people notice they start reeling in Golfs and many other cars at round about 140-160, this is basically where an average powered car with average aerodynamics starts to really "feel" the drag. This is where any difference in Cd (the abbreviation for Coefficient of Drag) starts to tax the available power with notable loss in acceleration and it just keeps getting worse and worse the faster you go until you finally hit your cars aerodynamic brick wall.
The angular golfs have a TERRIBLE Drag Coefficient .37 - i have even seen some wind tunnel tests claim .39, Corsas have .36 for the Hatch and .35 for the UTE (yes the UTE is more aerodynamic than the hatch)a dn theolder generation GSi Kadetts have .33, though i have seen some websites state .32.
In any car you want as low as possible a number in the Coefficient of drag statistic because there are virtually no drawbacks to having better aerodynamics, well maybe just a little bit in looks, but your not reading this because you want to build a Show car - you either want to make your car faster or more specialized for the type of racing you do OR you want to start off on the right foot and save MEGA BUCKS!!! trying to turn a donkey into a Racing Pony .
I'd like to tell everyone reading this a little something POSITIVE about their cars firs, irrespective of what brand you drive, your car has better aerodynamics than a MULTI MILLION DOLLAR Formula 1 car - shocking, but also VERY true I know that was a nice thing to discover many years back when i started dissecting the topic of Aerodynamics
See F1 cars are open wheel vehicles and they generate up to 1.0 Cd or more as a result of the tires colliding with and spinning in the open air (not neatly tucked away under the body away from open air). This LITERALLY means a typical F1 car has almost 3 time poorer aerodynamic efficiency than an 80's GSi BOSS , which happens to costs less than a set of F1 tires .
The F1 designers try to make the bodies of the cars as aerodynamic as possible because the open wheels are REALLY taxing the efficiency enough as it stands. With all F1 tires being of the roughly the same dimensions (therefore about the same amount of drag), the only place to score a potential advantage over another team lies in the design of the BODY and reducing its drag to near 0 - this is why the cars look like Fighter Jets with their wings torn off .
The greatest improvement in vehicle road holding has come from Aerodynamic advances, not suspension and DEFINITELY not higher horsepower and torque figures
This drag factor of a car starts to affect performance since the moment it starts to move, but a moderately strong engine with good gearing can help overcome the low drag factor taxation at lower speeds where the drag factor hasn't begun to strain the available kW much or the engine has surplus kW to move more air molecules and the car at greater speeds.
The more air particles you move the more you tax the motors available power to doing nothing more than movie air out of the way so your car can pass through. Air is not some polite chap you know from high school who is gonna do you a favour, when air molecules are forced to make way for your cars body, it sort of becomes like driving through a dense and angry crowd.
Nothing in the universe likes to have its state changed - basic Newtonian physics, you'd have to have been asleep in class to not know his 3 basic laws of physics. The laws are now outdated and no longer "the" model to go by in Quantum mechanics and universal physics, but for racing, the laws MORE that suffice to deal with all challenges we face in attempts to make cars faster, handle better or be more economical.
So now we know that the more air molecules there are that get displaced by your car slicing through them, the more they slow you down as they resist movement, yes your car ultimately succeeds at moving the air out of the way, but the air gets you back with a little resistance, and it keeps Adding up the faster you go. This continues until the resistance taxes all of the available kW and the car stops accelerating, it has hit its top speed and provided that its not short geared, is actually being held back from accelerating by only the air around it .
But often most people overlook another CRITICAL point in aerodynamics, it helps you nothing to have a smooth bonnet and ducts that channel air away from the windshield to the side of the car if the back end of the car is not properly designed to reduce turbulence. Sure you want to displace as little air as possible, so you want a small and streamline car - but modern advances in the understanding of aerodynamics has lead to a totally different approach, but still manageable Cd numbers.
Air is actually a fluid, and please high school boys and girls, don't tell me your science teacher says it's gas, i also had education based on 20 year old theories and practices, but sadly the bulk of the science community today acknowledge air as a very low viscosity fluid so thats what i call it.
Now anyone that has been on a boat has noticed it leaves a WAKE behind it in the water, well a car does exactly the same with the liquid it moves through, though since you can't see it - well lets just say most people don't really know much about it. It does not RIDE on the fluid like a boat, it rather is like a submarine fully submerged, it drive THROUGH the liquid, not on top of it. SO now we get something interesting...
Air breaks off of a solid surface at roughly 10 degrees, that means if you want to make a car as aerodynamic as possible there should be no more than a 10 degree change in ANY area of the body (you can imagine how impractical this design would be!). A cars backside should slope as close to 10 degrees as possible as to not create ever violent wakes and thus drag, but sadly on the majority of hatchback cars this angle is well over 45 degrees.
In other words, the sudden drop off from the roof causes the air to wake and the more it wakes the more of a drag it creates, slowing your car down, its like a vacuum SUCKING your car from behind FURTHER slowing it down - any car that rides on your @ss, gets sucked closer to you by that vacuum - its called slipstreaming and the only drawback of it is that in cars that rely heavily on downforce to corner at certain speeds - you don't want to be slipstreaming a guy in the wet through a series of bends near the grip limit, as your downforce will decrease and so will your adhesion to the road and yuo might just spin off.
I've had people telling me my BOSS has a very ugly backside, looks old and outdated, not nice and upright as the Corsas or later model Golfs backsides. Fair enough, the BOSS never was a looker but see my car's back slopes at about 30-35 degrees and the Corsa's at over 45 degrees (same treatment for the golf though it still has sharp angles all around the body which are not helping at all). Air doesn't like SHARP transitions.
So it means with the same power, weight and gearing, a BOSS or SuperBoss will always beat a Corsa and Golf and at the same time also have a higher top speed. Sorry no refund, physics does not sway to popular opinion, i don't really care how CUTE the Corsa looks or how sporty the Golfs looks are either - i want less drag more than i want looks - so the choice was an obvious one for me seeing as the BOSS is equal in just about every other stat to the Corsa GSi, the older MK1 design golfs are a bit lighter though and they have better road holding on the same profile tyres - but the drag kept me from buying one.
Then theres a little something extra - see the BOSS series Opels have a nice little "wing" at the back, and as most people have noticed, i scorn people who pu** wings on FWD cars because it creates more drag and does nothing much for road holding, but why then do i not say anything bad about the wing on my BOSS?
Well first off it's not actually a wing because its not an Airfoil, its actually a turbulence diffuser or Wake Stabilizer - it reduces the velocity and exaggeration of the wakes that get created by the air shearing off my 30-35 degree sloping backside. In fact, were i to remove it from my car, i would have WORSE aerodynamics and more drag + a lower top speed.
BUT you can't just go paste stuff on cars unless its a complete design and every aspect of it compliments the next. You cant bolt a diffuser on either a corsa or a golf because the the back end has too severe a shear angle, any diffuser mounted on the boot tip would not be able to do its job as the entire design of the rear ends of these 2 car's aren't designed to work with a Turbulence Diffuser or wake stabilizer. It would be like wanting to run your car on diesel when the engine was designed to run on petrol - not gonna work.
And don't even get me started on Body kits and Spoilers - unless you have either 550+ horses on demand or never race in races where you depend on any sustained high speed acceleration, the increase in drag is not gonna be worth the looks.
There are certain body accesories available that can actually improve a cars downforce or help feed cool air into the engine bay at no extra cost in drag or so little that the gains far outweigh the losses. Such products usually come from reputable brands. Had you not had the foggiest clue of aerodynamics you probably would have bought the biggest wing or lowest spoiler in the shop but now you know - so pu** the knowledge to good use.
Remember racing is about gaining that extra edge over your opponent, we all want to win in racing (don't know anyone who ever said MAN I SURE LOVE TO LOSE, Make some feel so good inside ) and all of us can race a car to a certain extent, but it takes more than just wanting something to truly get it or just average or slightly above average skills as a driver, especially when the competition want to win just as badly and are just as skilled. Get the edge and maintain the lead (within the rules for your respective racing of course)
A good example of this is within the field of this topic, if you design a car body that has the lowest possible drag factor within the rules specified, lets say .3 better than your closes rival, you can use that headway to your advantage on long tracks with high speed straights or alternatively you can add .3 Cd's worth of downforce to keep your car planted in the rain on sweeping bends and unsettling slaloms. You would still Theoretically be superior to your closest competition because even though you now have the same drag factor as they do, they lack that extra .3's worth of downforce, you can stick on their butts during corners and slipstream/pass them in the straights.
And with all of that, i hope some people now understand a little more about aerodynamics and why i always go for a car with a LOWER initial Cd factor than a car with better looks - get your priorities straight when you want to start off in racing and be successful at it, and then make an educated choice AFTER studying all the facts and stats for the various cars you can afford, then you will truly end up with the best for your needs.
In short if you want a really fast car at the end of the day, start off with one that has the best mechanical design potential to get you there. We're not all billionaires where we can demand a 10 Seconds 1/4 mile School bus if we wanted to and not worry about the costs involved, and even if you're SUPER RICH, its definitely no crime to save money - so please pu** some thought into your choices .
Just on a side note, i have Lost to Golfs in gymkhana races because the speed is too slow for my aerodynamic superiority to help me out and the golfs superior road holding and low body inertia is of FAR MORE greater importance than aerodynamics (in gymkhanas) - but you can make any cars road holding drastically better with the proper equipment, you can't however drastically alter drag unless you re-engineer the entire body and if you do that, why not just design your own chassis whilst you're at it, and an engine and a gearbox and suspension........
_________________
Knowledge is the key to success in all endeavours!
One of the most noticeable attributes of winners,
is that since they aren't influenced by "what everyone else thinks", they don't follow the crowd.-
is that since they aren't influenced by "what everyone else thinks", they don't follow the crowd.-
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